{"id":3279,"date":"2026-08-12T16:36:36","date_gmt":"2026-08-12T08:36:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/joscetech.uitm.edu.my\/main\/?p=3279"},"modified":"2026-08-28T10:19:01","modified_gmt":"2026-08-28T02:19:01","slug":"jscet_m_000014","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/joscetech.uitm.edu.my\/main\/?p=3279","title":{"rendered":"Relationships Between Rapid Urbanization Indicators and Flood Disaster Occurrence in Klang Valley, Malaysia: A Quantitative Correlation- Regression Study"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"3279\" class=\"elementor elementor-3279\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-792c39ee e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"792c39ee\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-736a4a39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"736a4a39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1db1ba90 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"1db1ba90\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<article style=\"font-family:sans-serif; color:#333; line-height:1.6; background:#ffffff;\">\r\n    <h1 style=\"font-size:22px; font-weight:bold; color:#111; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:20px; line-height:1.3;\">Relationships Between Rapid Urbanization Indicators and Flood Disaster Occurrence in Klang Valley, Malaysia: A Quantitative Correlation- Regression Study<\/h1>\r\n    <section style=\"margin-bottom:20px;\"><ul style=\"list-style:none; padding:0; margin:0 0 20px 0;\"><li style=\"margin-bottom:12px;\"><span style=\"font-size:16px; font-weight:bold; color:#800080;\">Mohd Amizan bin Mohamed<\/span><span style=\"display:block; font-size:14px; color:#666;\">Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"margin-bottom:12px;\"><span style=\"font-size:16px; font-weight:bold; color:#800080;\">Mohd Rashdan Amin bin Sallehudin<\/span><span style=\"display:block; font-size:14px; color:#666;\">Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"margin-bottom:12px;\"><span style=\"font-size:16px; font-weight:bold; color:#800080;\">Abdul Qayyum bin Md<\/span><span style=\"display:block; font-size:14px; color:#666;\">Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/section>\r\n    <section style=\"margin-bottom:20px;\"><div style=\"font-weight:bold; font-size:16px; margin-bottom:5px; color:#222;\">DOI:<\/div><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24191\/jscet.v5i1.JSCET_M_000014\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"font-size:14px; color:#0066cc; text-decoration:none; word-break:break-all; overflow-wrap:anywhere;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24191\/jscet.v5i1.JSCET_M_000014<\/a><\/section>\r\n    <section style=\"margin-bottom:20px;\"><div style=\"font-weight:bold; font-size:16px; margin-bottom:5px; color:#222;\">Keywords:<\/div><div style=\"font-size:14px;\">Rapid urbanization, Urban flooding, Klang Valley, Drainage infrastructure, Landuse change, Flood vulnerability, Regression analysis, Urban resilience<\/div><\/section>\r\n    <section style=\"margin-bottom:20px;\"><div style=\"font-weight:bold; font-size:16px; margin-bottom:5px; color:#222;\">Abstract<\/div><div style=\"font-size:14px; text-align:justify; color:#333; line-height:1.6;\">Rapid urbanization has transformed the Klang Valley, Malaysia, but has also intensified urban flood risk through interconnected land-use and infrastructure pressures. This study examines the relationships between key urbanization indicators and perceived flood disaster occurrence using a single-method quantitative design. Primary data were obtained through a structured questionnaire survey of stakeholders involved in urban development and flood management (n = 122). Historical flood event records (2000\u20132023) were used to contextualize flood patterns and support the interpretation of survey findings. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, reliability testing (Cronbach\u2019s alpha), Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis. All urbanization indicators exhibited significant positive relationships with flood disaster occurrence (p < 0.01). Regression results indicate that drainage inadequacy is the strongest predictor (\u03b2 = 0.42, p < 0.001), followed by land-use change (\u03b2 = 0.31, p < 0.001) and population density (\u03b2 = 0.21, p = 0.004), demonstrating that flood vulnerability is driven by both development intensity and infrastructure capacity deficits. The study contributes empirical evidence from the Malaysian context by quantifying how urbanization-related pressures jointly explain flood disaster occurrence and by highlighting infrastructural and governance implications for integrated urban planning. Practical recommendations include upgrading drainage systems, implementing stricter land-use controls, and adopting climate-adaptive zoning to enhance urban flood resilience.<\/div><\/section>\r\n    <section style=\"margin-bottom:20px;\"><div style=\"font-weight:bold; font-size:16px; margin-bottom:10px; color:#222;\">References<\/div><div style=\"font-size:14px; color:#333; background:#ffffff; padding:0; text-align:justify;\">\r\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px 0; text-indent:-2.5em; padding-left:2.5em; line-height:1.6; text-align:justify; font-size:14px; color:#333; word-break:break-word; overflow-wrap:anywhere;\">Abdul-Wahab, S. A., & Bakar, N. K. (2021). Impact of urbanization on water quality in selected rivers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Sains Malaysiana, 50(5), 1219\u20131230.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px 0; text-indent:-2.5em; padding-left:2.5em; line-height:1.6; text-align:justify; font-size:14px; color:#333; word-break:break-word; overflow-wrap:anywhere;\">Chan, N. 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Frontiers of Earth Science, 15(5), 1\u201317.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px 0; text-indent:-2.5em; padding-left:2.5em; line-height:1.6; text-align:justify; font-size:14px; color:#333; word-break:break-word; overflow-wrap:anywhere;\">Hashim, R., & Chelliapan, S. (2017). Urbanization effects on surface water quality. In Environmental pollution and the media: Political discourses of risk and responsibility in Australia, China and Japan (pp. 119\u2013137). Springer.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px 0; text-indent:-2.5em; padding-left:2.5em; line-height:1.6; text-align:justify; font-size:14px; color:#333; word-break:break-word; overflow-wrap:anywhere;\">Kang, S., Qin, H., & Shen, J. (2021). Urbanization-induced stream channelization and its effects on flood risk: A Beijing, China case study. 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Journal of Flood Risk Management, 11(S2), S1161\u2013S1171.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px 0; text-indent:-2.5em; padding-left:2.5em; line-height:1.6; text-align:justify; font-size:14px; color:#333; word-break:break-word; overflow-wrap:anywhere;\">Wang, Y., Liu, S., & He, G. (2020). Impact of urbanization on floodplain storage in a rapidly developing region: A case study of the Pearl River Delta, China. Science of The Total Environment, 704, 135416.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px 0; text-indent:-2.5em; padding-left:2.5em; line-height:1.6; text-align:justify; font-size:14px; color:#333; word-break:break-word; overflow-wrap:anywhere;\">Xie, J., & Chen, A. S. (2022). The effects of population growth on urban flood risk: Evidence from a rapidly urbanizing city in China. 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MATEC Web of Conferences, 103, 07015.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px 0; text-indent:-2.5em; padding-left:2.5em; line-height:1.6; text-align:justify; font-size:14px; color:#333; word-break:break-word; overflow-wrap:anywhere;\">Zou, B., Lu, P., & Zhang, J. (2021). The impact of river channelization on flood risk in urban areas: A case study of Wuhan, China. Natural Hazards, 106(2), 1083\u20131101.<\/p>\r\n<\/div><\/section>\r\n<\/article>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2efe0fb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2efe0fb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46e7f42a elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"46e7f42a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<aside style=\"font-family:sans-serif; color:#333; line-height:1.6; background:#ffffff;\">\r\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/joscetech.uitm.edu.my\/main\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/5.-JSCET_M_000014.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; gap:8px; width:100%; text-align:center; background:#ffffff; color:#800080; border:2px solid #800080; padding:10px 0; text-decoration:none; border-radius:4px; font-weight:bold; font-size:14px; margin-bottom:20px; box-sizing:border-box;\">\r\n        <svg width=\"16\" height=\"16\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#800080\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M21 15v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4\"><\/path><polyline points=\"7 10 12 15 17 10\"><\/polyline><line x1=\"12\" y1=\"15\" x2=\"12\" y2=\"3\"><\/line><\/svg>\r\n        PDF \/ DOWNLOAD\r\n    <\/a>\r\n    <div style=\"margin-bottom:15px; font-size:14px;\"><strong style=\"display:block; font-size:12px; color:#888; text-transform:uppercase;\">Published<\/strong><div>31-03-2026<\/div><\/div>\r\n    <div style=\"margin-bottom:15px; font-size:14px;\"><strong style=\"display:block; font-size:12px; color:#888; text-transform:uppercase;\">Issue<\/strong><div>Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): JSCET March Issue 1<\/div><\/div>\r\n    <div style=\"margin-bottom:15px; font-size:14px;\"><strong style=\"display:block; font-size:12px; color:#888; text-transform:uppercase;\">Section<\/strong><div>Articles<\/div><\/div>\r\n    \r\n    <div style=\"margin-bottom:15px; font-size:14px;\">\r\n        <strong style=\"display:block; font-size:12px; color:#888; text-transform:uppercase; margin-bottom:6px;\">How to Cite<\/strong>\r\n        \r\n        <div id=\"jscet_citation_box\" style=\"margin-bottom:10px; font-size:14px; line-height:1.5; color:#222; word-break:break-word; overflow-wrap:anywhere; text-align:justify;\">\r\n            <div id=\"cite_APA\" class=\"jscet-cite-item\" style=\"display:block;\">Mohamed, M. A., et al. (2026). Relationships Between Rapid Urbanization Indicators and Flood Disaster Occurrence in Klang Valley, Malaysia: A Quantitative Correlation- Regression Study. <i>Journal of Sustainable Civil Engineering and Technology<\/i>, 5(1), 57-67. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24191\/jscet.v5i1.JSCET_M_000014\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"font-size:14px; color:#0066cc; text-decoration:none; word-break:break-all; overflow-wrap:anywhere;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24191\/jscet.v5i1.JSCET_M_000014<\/a><\/div>\r\n            <div id=\"cite_ACM\" class=\"jscet-cite-item\" style=\"display:none;\">M. A. Mohamed, M. R. A. Sallehudin, A. Q. Md. 2026. Relationships Between Rapid Urbanization Indicators and Flood Disaster Occurrence in Klang Valley, Malaysia: A Quantitative Correlation- Regression Study. <i>Journal of Sustainable Civil Engineering and Technology<\/i>. 5, 1 (2026), 57-67. DOI:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24191\/jscet.v5i1.JSCET_M_000014\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"font-size:14px; color:#0066cc; text-decoration:none; word-break:break-all; overflow-wrap:anywhere;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24191\/jscet.v5i1.JSCET_M_000014<\/a><\/div>\r\n            <div id=\"cite_ABNT\" class=\"jscet-cite-item\" style=\"display:none;\">MOHAMED, M. A.; SALLEHUDIN, M. R. A.; MD, A. Q.. Relationships Between Rapid Urbanization Indicators and Flood Disaster Occurrence in Klang Valley, Malaysia: A Quantitative Correlation- Regression Study. <b>Journal of Sustainable Civil Engineering and Technology<\/b>, v. 5, n. 1, p. 57-67, 2026.<\/div>\r\n            <div id=\"cite_Chicago\" class=\"jscet-cite-item\" style=\"display:none;\">Mohamed, M. A., et al.. \"Relationships Between Rapid Urbanization Indicators and Flood Disaster Occurrence in Klang Valley, Malaysia: A Quantitative Correlation- Regression Study.\" <i>Journal of Sustainable Civil Engineering and Technology<\/i> 5, no. 1 (2026): 57-67. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24191\/jscet.v5i1.JSCET_M_000014\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"font-size:14px; color:#0066cc; text-decoration:none; word-break:break-all; overflow-wrap:anywhere;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24191\/jscet.v5i1.JSCET_M_000014<\/a><\/div>\r\n            <div id=\"cite_Harvard\" class=\"jscet-cite-item\" style=\"display:none;\">Mohamed, M. A., et al., 2026. Relationships Between Rapid Urbanization Indicators and Flood Disaster Occurrence in Klang Valley, Malaysia: A Quantitative Correlation- Regression Study. <i>Journal of Sustainable Civil Engineering and Technology<\/i>, 5(1), pp.57-67.<\/div>\r\n            <div id=\"cite_IEEE\" class=\"jscet-cite-item\" style=\"display:none;\">M. A. Mohamed, M. R. A. Sallehudin, A. Q. Md, \"Relationships Between Rapid Urbanization Indicators and Flood Disaster Occurrence in Klang Valley, Malaysia: A Quantitative Correlation- Regression Study,\" <i>J. Sust. Civ. Eng. Tech.<\/i>, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 57-67, 2026. doi: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24191\/jscet.v5i1.JSCET_M_000014\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"font-size:14px; color:#0066cc; text-decoration:none; word-break:break-all; overflow-wrap:anywhere;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24191\/jscet.v5i1.JSCET_M_000014<\/a><\/div>\r\n            <div id=\"cite_MLA\" class=\"jscet-cite-item\" style=\"display:none;\">Mohamed, Mohd Amizan, et al.. \"Relationships Between Rapid Urbanization Indicators and Flood Disaster Occurrence in Klang Valley, Malaysia: A Quantitative Correlation- Regression Study.\" <i>Journal of Sustainable Civil Engineering and Technology<\/i>, vol. 5, no. 1, 2026, pp. 57-67.<\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <div style=\"border:1px solid #ddd; border-radius:4px; background:#ffffff; overflow:hidden;\">\r\n            <div style=\"padding:8px 12px; font-weight:bold; font-size:12px; color:#555; background:#f8f9fa; border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;\">More Citation Formats<\/div>\r\n            <div style=\"padding:6px 0;\">\r\n                <select onchange=\"(function(e){var items=document.querySelectorAll('.jscet-cite-item');for(var i=0;i<items.length;i++){items[i].style.display='none';}var selected=document.getElementById('cite_'+e.value);if(selected){selected.style.display='block';}})(this)\" style=\"width:92%; margin:4px 4%; padding:6px; font-size:13px; border:1px solid #ccc; border-radius:3px;\">\r\n                    <option value=\"APA\" selected>APA (Default)<\/option>\r\n                    <option value=\"ACM\">ACM<\/option>\r\n                    <option value=\"ABNT\">ABNT<\/option>\r\n                    <option value=\"Chicago\">Chicago<\/option>\r\n                    <option value=\"Harvard\">Harvard<\/option>\r\n                    <option value=\"IEEE\">IEEE<\/option>\r\n                    <option value=\"MLA\">MLA<\/option>\r\n                <\/select>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            <div style=\"border-top:1px solid #eee; padding:8px 12px; background:#fafafa;\">\r\n                <div style=\"font-weight:bold; font-size:11px; color:#777; text-transform:uppercase; margin-bottom:6px;\">Download Citation<\/div>\r\n                <div style=\"display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:4px; font-size:13px;\">\r\n                    <a href=\"data:text\/plain;charset=utf-8,TY%20%20-%20JOUR%0ATI%20%20-%20Relationships%20Between%20Rapid%20Urbanization%20Indicators%20and%20Flood%20Disaster%20Occurrence%20in%20Klang%20Valley%2C%20Malaysia%3A%20A%20Quantitative%20Correlation-%20Regression%20Study%0AJO%20%20-%20Journal%20of%20Sustainable%20Civil%20Engineering%20and%20Technology%0APY%20%20-%202026%0AVL%20%20-%205%0AIS%20%20-%201%0ASP%20%20-%2057-67%0ADO%20%20-%20https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.24191%2Fjscet.v5i1.JSCET_M_000014%0AER%20%20-\" download=\"citation.ris\" style=\"color:#0066cc; text-decoration:none;\">\ud83d\udce5 EndNote \/ Zotero \/ Mendeley (RIS)<\/a>\r\n                    <a href=\"data:text\/plain;charset=utf-8,%40article%7Bjscet_2026%2C%0A%20%20title%3D%7BRelationships%20Between%20Rapid%20Urbanization%20Indicators%20and%20Flood%20Disaster%20Occurrence%20in%20Klang%20Valley%2C%20Malaysia%3A%20A%20Quantitative%20Correlation-%20Regression%20Study%7D%2C%0A%20%20author%3D%7BMohd%20Amizan%20bin%20Mohamed%20and%20Mohd%20Rashdan%20Amin%20bin%20Sallehudin%20and%20Abdul%20Qayyum%20bin%20Md%7D%2C%0A%20%20journal%3D%7BJournal%20of%20Sustainable%20Civil%20Engineering%20and%20Technology%7D%2C%0A%20%20volume%3D%7B5%7D%2C%0A%20%20number%3D%7B1%7D%2C%0A%20%20pages%3D%7B57-67%7D%2C%0A%20%20year%3D%7B2026%7D%2C%0A%20%20doi%3D%7Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.24191%2Fjscet.v5i1.JSCET_M_000014%7D%0A%7D\" download=\"citation.bib\" style=\"color:#0066cc; text-decoration:none;\">\ud83d\udce5 BibTeX<\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/aside>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Relationships Between Rapid Urbanization Indicators and Flood Disaster Occurrence in Klang Valley, Malaysia: A Quantitative Correlation- Regression Study Mohd Amizan bin MohamedFaculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. Mohd Rashdan Amin bin SallehudinFaculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. Abdul Qayyum bin MdFaculty of Civil [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_header_footer","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8,1,22],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3279","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-construction-project-management","category-uncategorized","category-volume-5-issue-1"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/joscetech.uitm.edu.my\/main\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3279","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/joscetech.uitm.edu.my\/main\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/joscetech.uitm.edu.my\/main\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/joscetech.uitm.edu.my\/main\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/joscetech.uitm.edu.my\/main\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3279"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"https:\/\/joscetech.uitm.edu.my\/main\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3279\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4237,"href":"https:\/\/joscetech.uitm.edu.my\/main\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3279\/revisions\/4237"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/joscetech.uitm.edu.my\/main\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3279"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/joscetech.uitm.edu.my\/main\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3279"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/joscetech.uitm.edu.my\/main\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3279"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}