{"id":3339,"date":"2026-08-17T10:00:40","date_gmt":"2026-08-17T02:00:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/joscetech.uitm.edu.my\/main\/?p=3339"},"modified":"2026-08-28T10:21:35","modified_gmt":"2026-08-28T02:21:35","slug":"investigating-the-impact-of-coal-bottom-ash-on-the-mechanical-performance-of-self-compacting-concrete-bricks","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/joscetech.uitm.edu.my\/main\/?p=3339","title":{"rendered":"Investigating the Impact of Coal Bottom Ash on the Mechanical Performance of Self-Compacting Concrete Bricks"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"3339\" class=\"elementor elementor-3339\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3fd3838b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3fd3838b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ec52daf e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3ec52daf\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-861bd0e elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"861bd0e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<article style=\"font-family:sans-serif; color:#333; line-height:1.6; background:#ffffff;\">\r\n    <h1 style=\"font-size:22px; font-weight:bold; color:#111; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:20px; line-height:1.3;\">Investigating the Impact of Coal Bottom Ash on the Mechanical Performance of Self-Compacting Concrete Bricks<\/h1>\r\n    <section style=\"margin-bottom:20px;\"><ul style=\"list-style:none; padding:0; margin:0 0 20px 0;\"><li style=\"margin-bottom:12px;\"><span style=\"font-size:16px; font-weight:bold; color:#800080;\">Qaisara Azizah Amranudin<\/span><span style=\"display:block; font-size:14px; color:#666;\">Minconsult Sdn. Bhd., Lot 6, Jalan 51a\/223, Seksyen 51a, 46100 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia<\/span><\/li><li style=\"margin-bottom:12px;\"><span style=\"font-size:16px; font-weight:bold; color:#800080;\">Noor Irinah Omar<\/span><span style=\"display:block; font-size:14px; color:#666;\">Faculty of Industrial and Manufacturing Technology and Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100 Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia<\/span><\/li><li style=\"margin-bottom:12px;\"><span style=\"font-size:16px; font-weight:bold; color:#800080;\">Warid Wazien Ahmad Zailani<\/span><span style=\"display:block; font-size:14px; color:#666;\">Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Malaysia<\/span><\/li><li style=\"margin-bottom:12px;\"><span style=\"font-size:16px; font-weight:bold; color:#800080;\">Ilyani Akmar Abu Bakar<\/span><span style=\"display:block; font-size:14px; color:#666;\">Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Malaysia<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/section>\r\n    <section style=\"margin-bottom:20px;\"><div style=\"font-weight:bold; font-size:16px; margin-bottom:5px; color:#222;\">DOI:<\/div><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24191\/jscet.v5i1.JSCET_S_000037\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"font-size:14px; color:#0066cc; text-decoration:none; word-break:break-all; overflow-wrap:anywhere;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24191\/jscet.v5i1.JSCET_S_000037<\/a><\/section>\r\n    <section style=\"margin-bottom:20px;\"><div style=\"font-weight:bold; font-size:16px; margin-bottom:5px; color:#222;\">Keywords:<\/div><div style=\"font-size:14px;\">Coal Bottom Ash (CBA), Selfcompacting Concrete Brick (SCCB), Mechanical properties, Density reduction, Compressive strength, Young\u2019s Modulus, Poisson's Ratio<\/div><\/section>\r\n    <section style=\"margin-bottom:20px;\"><div style=\"font-weight:bold; font-size:16px; margin-bottom:5px; color:#222;\">Abstract<\/div><div style=\"font-size:14px; text-align:justify; color:#333; line-height:1.6;\">This study investigates the impact of coal bottom ash (CBA) on the mechanical properties of self-compacting concrete bricks (SCCB) through experimental analysis. The primary aim is to determine how the partial replacement of fine aggregates with CBA affects critical mechanical characteristics. Experimental tests encompassed compressive strength, density, Young\u2019s Modulus, and Poisson\u2019s Ratio using CBA substitutions ranging from 10% to 30%. Results indicated that as CBA content increased, concrete density decreased, which is attributed to CBA\u2019s lower specific gravity and higher water absorption properties. Notably, compressive strength improved up to a 20% CBA replacement, benefiting from enhanced particle packing and filler effects, with optimal strength observed at this level. The modulus of elasticity showed increased stiffness with CBA incorporation, particularly at lower replacement levels, while Poisson's ratio exhibited varied trends across different CBA percentages. This study enhances the understanding of SCCB performance when incorporating CBA, offering insights for optimizing material usage in sustainable construction practices and enhancing structural efficiency.<\/div><\/section>\r\n    <section style=\"margin-bottom:20px;\"><div style=\"font-weight:bold; font-size:16px; margin-bottom:10px; color:#222;\">References<\/div><div style=\"font-size:14px; color:#333; background:#ffffff; padding:0; text-align:justify;\">\r\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 12px 0; text-indent:-2.5em; padding-left:2.5em; line-height:1.6; text-align:justify; font-size:14px; color:#333; word-break:break-word; overflow-wrap:anywhere;\">Abubakar, A. U., & Baharudin, K. S. (2012). Potential use of Malaysian thermal power plants coal bottom ash in construction. 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Civil Engineering and Architecture, 11(5), 2731\u20132752.<\/p>\r\n<\/div><\/section>\r\n<\/article>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c44590b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c44590b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b70d695 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b70d695\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<aside style=\"font-family:sans-serif; color:#333; line-height:1.6; background:#ffffff;\">\r\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/joscetech.uitm.edu.my\/main\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/7.-JSCET_S_000037.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; gap:8px; width:100%; text-align:center; background:#ffffff; color:#800080; border:2px solid #800080; padding:10px 0; text-decoration:none; border-radius:4px; font-weight:bold; font-size:14px; margin-bottom:20px; box-sizing:border-box;\">\r\n        <svg width=\"16\" height=\"16\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#800080\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M21 15v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4\"><\/path><polyline points=\"7 10 12 15 17 10\"><\/polyline><line x1=\"12\" y1=\"15\" x2=\"12\" y2=\"3\"><\/line><\/svg>\r\n        PDF \/ DOWNLOAD\r\n    <\/a>\r\n    <div style=\"margin-bottom:15px; font-size:14px;\"><strong style=\"display:block; font-size:12px; color:#888; text-transform:uppercase;\">Published<\/strong><div>31-03-2026<\/div><\/div>\r\n    <div style=\"margin-bottom:15px; font-size:14px;\"><strong style=\"display:block; font-size:12px; color:#888; text-transform:uppercase;\">Issue<\/strong><div>Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): JSCET March Issue 1<\/div><\/div>\r\n    <div style=\"margin-bottom:15px; font-size:14px;\"><strong style=\"display:block; font-size:12px; color:#888; text-transform:uppercase;\">Section<\/strong><div>Articles<\/div><\/div>\r\n    \r\n    <div style=\"margin-bottom:15px; font-size:14px;\">\r\n        <strong style=\"display:block; font-size:12px; color:#888; text-transform:uppercase; margin-bottom:6px;\">How to Cite<\/strong>\r\n        \r\n        <div id=\"jscet_citation_box\" style=\"margin-bottom:10px; font-size:14px; line-height:1.5; color:#222; word-break:break-word; overflow-wrap:anywhere; text-align:justify;\">\r\n            <div id=\"cite_APA\" class=\"jscet-cite-item\" style=\"display:block;\">Amranudin, Q. A., et al. (2026). Investigating the Impact of Coal Bottom Ash on the Mechanical Performance of Self-Compacting Concrete Bricks. <i>Journal of Sustainable Civil Engineering and Technology<\/i>, 5(1), 69-81. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24191\/jscet.v5i1.JSCET_S_000037\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"font-size:14px; color:#0066cc; text-decoration:none; word-break:break-all; overflow-wrap:anywhere;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24191\/jscet.v5i1.JSCET_S_000037<\/a><\/div>\r\n            <div id=\"cite_ACM\" class=\"jscet-cite-item\" style=\"display:none;\">Q. A. Amranudin, N. I. Omar, W. W. A. Zailani, I. A. A. Bakar. 2026. Investigating the Impact of Coal Bottom Ash on the Mechanical Performance of Self-Compacting Concrete Bricks. <i>Journal of Sustainable Civil Engineering and Technology<\/i>. 5, 1 (2026), 69-81. DOI:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24191\/jscet.v5i1.JSCET_S_000037\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"font-size:14px; color:#0066cc; text-decoration:none; word-break:break-all; overflow-wrap:anywhere;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24191\/jscet.v5i1.JSCET_S_000037<\/a><\/div>\r\n            <div id=\"cite_ABNT\" class=\"jscet-cite-item\" style=\"display:none;\">AMRANUDIN, Q. A.; OMAR, N. I.; ZAILANI, W. W. A.; BAKAR, I. A. A.. Investigating the Impact of Coal Bottom Ash on the Mechanical Performance of Self-Compacting Concrete Bricks. <b>Journal of Sustainable Civil Engineering and Technology<\/b>, v. 5, n. 1, p. 69-81, 2026.<\/div>\r\n            <div id=\"cite_Chicago\" class=\"jscet-cite-item\" style=\"display:none;\">Amranudin, Q. A., et al.. \"Investigating the Impact of Coal Bottom Ash on the Mechanical Performance of Self-Compacting Concrete Bricks.\" <i>Journal of Sustainable Civil Engineering and Technology<\/i> 5, no. 1 (2026): 69-81. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24191\/jscet.v5i1.JSCET_S_000037\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"font-size:14px; color:#0066cc; text-decoration:none; word-break:break-all; overflow-wrap:anywhere;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24191\/jscet.v5i1.JSCET_S_000037<\/a><\/div>\r\n            <div id=\"cite_Harvard\" class=\"jscet-cite-item\" style=\"display:none;\">Amranudin, Q. A., et al., 2026. Investigating the Impact of Coal Bottom Ash on the Mechanical Performance of Self-Compacting Concrete Bricks. <i>Journal of Sustainable Civil Engineering and Technology<\/i>, 5(1), pp.69-81.<\/div>\r\n            <div id=\"cite_IEEE\" class=\"jscet-cite-item\" style=\"display:none;\">Q. A. Amranudin, N. I. Omar, W. W. A. Zailani, I. A. A. Bakar, \"Investigating the Impact of Coal Bottom Ash on the Mechanical Performance of Self-Compacting Concrete Bricks,\" <i>J. Sust. Civ. Eng. Tech.<\/i>, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 69-81, 2026. doi: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24191\/jscet.v5i1.JSCET_S_000037\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"font-size:14px; color:#0066cc; text-decoration:none; word-break:break-all; overflow-wrap:anywhere;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24191\/jscet.v5i1.JSCET_S_000037<\/a><\/div>\r\n            <div id=\"cite_MLA\" class=\"jscet-cite-item\" style=\"display:none;\">Amranudin, Qaisara Azizah, et al.. \"Investigating the Impact of Coal Bottom Ash on the Mechanical Performance of Self-Compacting Concrete Bricks.\" <i>Journal of Sustainable Civil Engineering and Technology<\/i>, vol. 5, no. 1, 2026, pp. 69-81.<\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <div style=\"border:1px solid #ddd; border-radius:4px; background:#ffffff; overflow:hidden;\">\r\n            <div style=\"padding:8px 12px; font-weight:bold; font-size:12px; color:#555; background:#f8f9fa; border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;\">More Citation Formats<\/div>\r\n            <div style=\"padding:6px 0;\">\r\n                <select onchange=\"(function(e){var items=document.querySelectorAll('.jscet-cite-item');for(var i=0;i<items.length;i++){items[i].style.display='none';}var selected=document.getElementById('cite_'+e.value);if(selected){selected.style.display='block';}})(this)\" style=\"width:92%; margin:4px 4%; padding:6px; font-size:13px; border:1px solid #ccc; border-radius:3px;\">\r\n                    <option value=\"APA\" selected>APA (Default)<\/option>\r\n                    <option value=\"ACM\">ACM<\/option>\r\n                    <option value=\"ABNT\">ABNT<\/option>\r\n                    <option value=\"Chicago\">Chicago<\/option>\r\n                    <option value=\"Harvard\">Harvard<\/option>\r\n                    <option value=\"IEEE\">IEEE<\/option>\r\n                    <option value=\"MLA\">MLA<\/option>\r\n                <\/select>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            <div style=\"border-top:1px solid #eee; padding:8px 12px; background:#fafafa;\">\r\n                <div style=\"font-weight:bold; font-size:11px; color:#777; text-transform:uppercase; margin-bottom:6px;\">Download Citation<\/div>\r\n                <div style=\"display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:4px; font-size:13px;\">\r\n                    <a href=\"data:text\/plain;charset=utf-8,TY%20%20-%20JOUR%0ATI%20%20-%20Investigating%20the%20Impact%20of%20Coal%20Bottom%20Ash%20on%20the%20Mechanical%20Performance%20of%20Self-Compacting%20Concrete%20Bricks%0AJO%20%20-%20Journal%20of%20Sustainable%20Civil%20Engineering%20and%20Technology%0APY%20%20-%202026%0AVL%20%20-%205%0AIS%20%20-%201%0ASP%20%20-%2069-81%0ADO%20%20-%20https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.24191%2Fjscet.v5i1.JSCET_S_000037%0AER%20%20-\" download=\"citation.ris\" style=\"color:#0066cc; text-decoration:none;\">\ud83d\udce5 EndNote \/ Zotero \/ Mendeley (RIS)<\/a>\r\n                    <a href=\"data:text\/plain;charset=utf-8,%40article%7Bjscet_2026%2C%0A%20%20title%3D%7BInvestigating%20the%20Impact%20of%20Coal%20Bottom%20Ash%20on%20the%20Mechanical%20Performance%20of%20Self-Compacting%20Concrete%20Bricks%7D%2C%0A%20%20author%3D%7BQaisara%20Azizah%20Amranudin%20and%20Noor%20Irinah%20Omar%20and%20Warid%20Wazien%20Ahmad%20Zailani%20and%20Ilyani%20Akmar%20Abu%20Bakar%7D%2C%0A%20%20journal%3D%7BJournal%20of%20Sustainable%20Civil%20Engineering%20and%20Technology%7D%2C%0A%20%20volume%3D%7B5%7D%2C%0A%20%20number%3D%7B1%7D%2C%0A%20%20pages%3D%7B69-81%7D%2C%0A%20%20year%3D%7B2026%7D%2C%0A%20%20doi%3D%7Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.24191%2Fjscet.v5i1.JSCET_S_000037%7D%0A%7D\" download=\"citation.bib\" style=\"color:#0066cc; text-decoration:none;\">\ud83d\udce5 BibTeX<\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/aside>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Investigating the Impact of Coal Bottom Ash on the Mechanical Performance of Self-Compacting Concrete Bricks Qaisara Azizah AmranudinMinconsult Sdn. Bhd., Lot 6, Jalan 51a\/223, Seksyen 51a, 46100 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia Noor Irinah OmarFaculty of Industrial and Manufacturing Technology and Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100 Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia Warid Wazien [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_header_footer","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,22],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3339","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","category-volume-5-issue-1"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/joscetech.uitm.edu.my\/main\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3339","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/joscetech.uitm.edu.my\/main\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/joscetech.uitm.edu.my\/main\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/joscetech.uitm.edu.my\/main\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/joscetech.uitm.edu.my\/main\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3339"}],"version-history":[{"count":28,"href":"https:\/\/joscetech.uitm.edu.my\/main\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3339\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4258,"href":"https:\/\/joscetech.uitm.edu.my\/main\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3339\/revisions\/4258"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/joscetech.uitm.edu.my\/main\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3339"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/joscetech.uitm.edu.my\/main\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3339"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/joscetech.uitm.edu.my\/main\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3339"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}